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''La púrpura de la rosa'' (''The Blood of the Rose'') is an opera in one act, composed by Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco to a Spanish libretto by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, the last great writer of the Spanish Golden Age. It is the first known opera to be composed and performed in the Americas〔Stein (1999), paragraph six〕 and is Torrejón y Velasco's only surviving opera. ''La púrpura de la rosa'' was first performed in Lima in 1701 to celebrate the 18th birthday of Philip V and the first anniversary of his succession to the Spanish throne. The libretto, in polymetric verse and filled with lush mythological imagery, is a re-telling of the Ovidian tale of the loves of Venus and Adonis. Torrejón y Velasco was not the first to use Calderón's libretto. Juan Hidalgo de Polanco, composer and master of music at the court of Madrid, had previously used the text for a theatrical pageant in honor of the marriage of Louis XIV and Maria Teresa of Spain in 1660. With its erotic poetry and music, the Hidalgo version was very popular at the Spanish court and had several revivals.〔The Hidalgo version was revived in 1679 to celebrate the arrival Spain's new Queen, Marie Louise of Orléans, and again the following year. It was revived yet again for long runs at the Spanish court in 1690 and 1694. See Stein (1999), paragraph 5 and Note 1.〕 ==Performance history== The Viceroy of Peru, Don Melchor Portocarrero y Lasso de la Vega, instructed Torrejón to compose a piece of dramatic music for the colony's celebration of King Philip V's 18th birthday and the first anniversary of his succession to the throne. ''La púrpura de la rosa'' was chosen as the subject. The work premiered on 19 October 1701〔Note that 19 October 1701 is the presumed date of the premiere. See Stein (1999). The premiere date has also been given as 19 December 1701, the date of Philip V's actual birthday. See (American Colonial Music: a sample of its documentary richness ), Joint nomination submitted by Bolivia, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, ''Memory of the World Register'', UNESCO, Ref N° 2006-35. Accessed 5 September 2008. (Either date still makes it the earliest known opera in the Americas.)〕 in the Palace of the Viceroy, Lima. The opera was revived in 1707, 1708, and 1731 in Peru and somewhat later in Mexico〔Kagan (2002), p. 232; Stein (1999)〕 and has had several performances in modern times. Its US premiere took place at Rosary College outside Chicago on 26 June 1992 in a production by the Baroque music ensemble Ars Musica Chicago. (Andrew Schultze, director & musicologist; Stephen Blackwelder, music director; Kate Lanham, choreographer) and soon thereafter at the Aveda Institute in Minneapolis on 28 October 1994 in a production by the baroque ensemble Ex Machina. (James Middleton, director; Bob Skiba, choreographer; Barbara Weiss, music director; Louise Stein, musicologist/adviser).〔Russell (1994)〕 In May 1999 it was performed at the Buskirk-Chumley Theatre in Bloomington, Indiana, as part of the Bloomington Early Music Festival and in partnership with Indiana University's Latin American Music Center and the Bloomington Area Arts Council (James Middleton, stage direction; Bernardo Illari, music edition and direction).〔Jacobi (1999)〕 In October 1999, there were performances at Le Bâtiment des Forces Motrices in Geneva and in Santiago, Chile. The Santiago performance by the ensemble Syntagma Musicum (conducted by Alejandro Reyes) marked the 150th anniversary of the Universidad de Santiago de Chile.〔Quiroga, Daniel (4 November 1999)〕 The opera was also performed at the Teatro de la Zarzuela in Madrid in November 1999 in a co-production by the Teatro de La Zarzuela and the Grand Théâtre de Genève. (Óscar Araiz, director and choreographer; Gabriel Garrido, conductor).〔Suárez-Pajares (1999)〕 ''La púrpura de la rosa'' received its British stage premiere at the University of Sheffield Drama Studio on 27 February 2003, conducted and directed by Andrew Lawrence-King. The production received two more performances in Sheffield before touring to Manchester, Nottingham, Galway, and Dublin.〔University of Sheffield (2003)〕 On 26 September 2013, ''La Purpura de la rosa'' received its Israeli premiere at the Abu Gosh Festival performed by Ensemble PHOENIX on period instruments and its vocal branch VOCE PHOENIX, conducted from the viola da gamba by Myrna Herzog, with staging by Regina Alexandrovskaya.〔Abu Gosh Festival. (Peru – "Colorful, Exciting and Electrifying" ) Retrieved 30 September 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「La púrpura de la rosa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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